ATP Synthase

ATP synthases use a transmembrane electrochemical proton motive force (pmf) to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The enzyme complex consists of two molecular motors positioned to oppose each other’s action on a shared rotor subcomplex. The membrane-embedded FO motor is driven by proton translocation across the membrane through two offset half channels while the soluble F1 motor is powered by ATP hydrolysis[1].

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